Guide
German Dative Pronouns: mir, dir, ihm, ihr, and Ihnen
Learn the German Dative pronouns, see which common verbs use them, and put Dative and Akkusativ objects in the right order.
B1 Atlas · Updated
German pronouns change when they do different jobs. With a Dative verb, the person often appears in a short form such as mir, dir, ihm, or Ihnen.
Start with two lines:
Und das ist dein Schreibtisch. Er gehört dir.
Bei Fragen helfe ich dir.
Both gehören and helfen put the person in the Dativ. The form dir tells you who owns the desk and who receives the help.
The German Dative pronoun table
Learn the subject and Dative forms as pairs:
| Person | Nominativ | Dativ |
|---|---|---|
| I | ich | mir |
| you, informal | du | dir |
| he | er | ihm |
| she | sie | ihr |
| it | es | ihm |
| we | wir | uns |
| you, plural informal | ihr | euch |
| they | sie | ihnen |
| you, formal | Sie | Ihnen |
Capitalisation matters in the formal pair: Sie and Ihnen begin with a capital letter.
You can see three different forms in these workplace lines:
Der Schreibtisch gefällt mir.
Er gehört dir.
Ich danke Ihnen, Frau Neumann.
The person changes, so the pronoun changes. The verb still controls the case.
The Dative-verb set
Treat these nine verbs as a closed set:
| Dative verb | Core meaning |
|---|---|
| helfen | give help to someone |
| danken | say thanks to someone |
| gefallen | be pleasing to someone |
| gehören | belong to someone |
| passen | fit someone |
| schmecken | taste good or bad to someone |
| fehlen | be missing to someone |
| zuhören | listen to someone |
| folgen | follow someone |
Do not translate the English verb and then guess the case. Learn the German verb with a Dative person:
Kannst du mir helfen?
Ich danke Ihnen, Frau Neumann.
English treats “help” and “thank” like direct verbs. German puts the person after helfen and danken in the Dative.
Replace a person’s name with a Dative pronoun
Start with a sentence that names the person:
Ich zeige Amir das Lager.
Replace Amir with the matching Dative pronoun:
Ich zeige ihm das Lager.
The warehouse is still a noun, so the Dative person comes before it.
| Dative person | Akkusativ thing |
|---|---|
| ihm | das Lager |
Use the same move in this pair:
Jonas hilft Amir. Er hilft ihm.
The name disappears, but ihm keeps the reference clear.
The object-order flip
When both objects become pronouns, the Akkusativ pronoun moves first:
Ich zeige Amir das Lager.
Ich zeige ihm das Lager.
Ich zeige es ihm.
The final sentence has two pronouns. Es replaces das Lager, and ihm replaces Amir. The order is now Akkusativ before Dativ.
Here is the same pattern with a feminine object:
Jonas gibt Amir die Liste.
Jonas gibt sie ihm.
Use this compact rule:
- Dative pronoun + Akkusativ noun: Ich zeige ihm das Lager.
- Akkusativ pronoun + Dative pronoun: Ich zeige es ihm.
Formal and informal help
The Dative pronoun changes with the relationship:
| Register | German question |
|---|---|
| formal | Können Sie mir helfen? |
| informal | Kannst du mir helfen? |
The speaker stays mir in both questions. The person being addressed changes from formal Sie to informal du.
Keep the full question as a chunk. That helps you change register without mixing the pronoun and verb forms.
A five-item check
Choose mir, dir, ihm, ihr, or Ihnen. Then say the complete sentence aloud.
- Kannst du ___ helfen?
- Der Schreibtisch gehört ___, Amir.
- Jonas hilft Amir. Er hilft ___.
- Jonas hört der Kollegin zu. Er hört ___ zu.
- Ich danke ___, Frau Neumann.
Answers:
- Kannst du mir helfen?
- Der Schreibtisch gehört dir, Amir.
- Jonas hilft Amir. Er hilft ihm.
- Jonas hört der Kollegin zu. Er hört ihr zu.
- Ich danke Ihnen, Frau Neumann.
Check the verb first. Then choose the person. If a second object also becomes a pronoun, check whether the Akkusativ pronoun needs to move ahead.
What to learn next
The Dative works beside the Akkusativ, so it helps to know what each case is doing. The beginner accusative guide shows how a direct object changes der to den.
For a two-part sentence that keeps its verb frame closed, review the German Perfekt guide. It uses the same position-2 habit while the participle waits at the end.
Frequently asked questions
What are the German Dative pronouns?
The Dative forms are mir, dir, ihm, ihr, ihm, uns, euch, ihnen, and formal Ihnen. The correct form depends on the person or thing receiving the action or affected by a Dative verb.
When do I use mir or mich in German?
Use mir for the Dative and mich for the Akkusativ. A Dative verb such as helfen takes mir: Kannst du mir helfen?
Which German verbs take the Dative?
The main Dative verbs are helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, passen, schmecken, fehlen, zuhören, and folgen. The person connected to these verbs uses the Dative.
What is the word order with Dative and Akkusativ pronouns?
Put the Dative person before an Akkusativ noun: Ich zeige ihm das Lager. If the Akkusativ object is also a pronoun, put it first: Ich zeige es ihm.